Regulations set the market-access baseline but rarely tell you how to build. We track the standards that turn those obligations into engineering requirements — across automotive, robotics, energy storage and consumer electronics — and publish the analysis we use in our own client work.
Long-form analysis of a full standards system — objectives, core technical concepts, implementation highlights and challenge mitigation.
An in-depth reading of the published national standards for the decision-control and execution layers and their vertical safety pillars, with a China–US–EU technical indicator comparison. This edition covers the decisive first half of 2026: the three mandatory ICV standards entering force, China's first mandatory L2 standard (GB 47955-2026), the L3/L4 mandatory standard reaching draft-for-approval, the simulation-test gap closing, and the UN adopting the world's first harmonised ADS regulation.
Read the deep diveThe regulatory and standards landscape behind each of our four core sectors.
UN R155 / R156 / R157 and the UN ADS regulation, China's mandatory GB series, ISO 26262, ISO 21448, ISO/SAE 21434 and ISO/PAS 8800.
IEC 61508, ISO 13849, ISO 12100, UL 3115 and UL 3300, plus the emerging requirements for human-robot collaboration and humanoid systems.
IEC 61508, IEC 62443, UL 991, UL 1998 and IEC/UL 60730-1 — safety architecture, risk assessment and cybersecurity for global market access.
The EU Cyber Resilience Act and AI Act timelines, ETSI EN 303645, IEC 62443 and UL 3030 — a narrowing compliance window.
More analysis in preparation. Deep dives on the robotics, energy storage and consumer electronics standards systems are being prepared on the same model. If there is a specific standard or regulation you need read in depth, tell us — it helps us prioritise.
Published research is where we start, not where we stop. We turn a standards landscape into a compliance path for your specific product, market and timeline.